【题目】 Not long ago, no one understood that infectious diseases were caused by tiny organisms that moved from person to person. Even now, although we know that tiny living microbes cause disease, how they do so is not always obvious. 【1】 They can also be transmitted through our skin through insect or animal bites. The best way to prevent infections is to block pathogens （病菌）from entering the body.
The first line of defense is to keep germs at bay by following good personal health habits. Wash your hands well. You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom, before preparing or eating food, and after gardening or other dirty tasks. 【2】 Wet your hands thoroughly. Lather（泡沫）up with soap or cleanser, and rub it into the palms and backs of your hands and your wrists. Be sure to clean your fingertips, under your nails and between your fingers. Wash under running water. 【3】
Whether you are young or young at heart, getting vaccinated（接种疫苗）is an essential part of staying healthy. 【4】 such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever, they are generally safe and effective. Vaccinations are essential if you are to avoid getting sick. In general, children should receive the recommended childhood vaccinations. Adults should make sure their vaccinations are up to date. When traveling abroad, check with your health care provider about additional immunizations（免疫）.
【5】 Stay clear of wild animals. Many wild animals, including bats, foxes and coyotes, can spread the virus to humans by biting. Keep your pets away from wild animals, too. Dogs, cats or any other type of warm-blooded animal can pick up the virus and pass the virus along to people.
A.Dry your hands and wrists thoroughly.
B.Use animal control to prevent infections.
C.While vaccines may cause some common side effects,
D.Although vaccines can not prevent some rare diseases,
E.Other wild animals can not transmit the virus and other infections.
F.We do know that most microbes enter through openings in the body.
G.You should also wash up after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing.
在线课程【答案】
【1】F
【2】G
【3】A
【4】C
【5】B
【解析】
本文为一篇说明文。文章介绍了传染病传染的原因及防治方法。
【1】
结合后文The best way to prevent infections is to block pathogens （病菌）from entering the body.防止感染的最好方法是阻止病原体进入人体。F. We do know that most microbes enter through openings in the body. 我们知道大多数微生物确实是通过身体的入口进入的。解释后文防止感染最好的方法是阻止病原体进入人体，因为大多数病原体通过身体入口进入，导致人体感染。故选F项。
【2】
结合前文Wash your hands well. You probably wash your hands after using the bathroom, before preparing or eating food, and after gardening or other dirty tasks. 你可能在上完厕所后，准备食物或吃食物之前，以及在做园艺或其他脏活之后洗手。G. You should also wash up after blowing your nose, coughing, or sneezing. 你还应该在擦鼻涕、咳嗽或打喷嚏后洗手。与前文需要洗手的情境为并列关系。故选G项。
【3】
结合前文Wet your hands thoroughly. Lather（泡沫）up with soap or cleanser, and rub it into the palms and backs of your hands and your wrists. Be sure to clean your fingertips, under your nails and between your fingers. Wash under running water. 把你的手彻底弄湿。用肥皂或清洁剂打起泡沫，然后擦到手掌、手背和手腕上。一定要清洁你的指尖，指甲下面和手指之间。用自来水冲洗。前文为洗手的步骤，洗手的最后需要擦手。A. Dry your hands and wrists thoroughly. 彻底擦干你的手和手腕。符合此处语境。故选A项。
【4】
结合后文Such as a temporarily sore arm or low fever, they are generally safe and effective. 如手臂暂时酸痛或低烧，一般是安全的，在发挥作用。可知，疫苗会引起手臂酸痛或低烧等症状。C. While vaccines may cause some common side effects, 虽然疫苗可能会引起一些常见的副作用。符合此处语境。故选C项。
【5】
结合后文Many wild animals, including bats, foxes and coyotes, can spread the virus to humans by biting. 许多野生动物，包括蝙蝠、狐狸和郊狼，可以通过咬人将病毒传播给人类。可知动物会传播疾病，防止感染需要管控动物。B. Use animal control to prevent infections. 使用管控动物的方法来防止感染。故选B项。