【题目】It's generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes .They recycle their garbage because the care about the environment .They pay $5 for a caramel brulée latte because they like expensive coffee drinks.
It's undeniable that behavior comes from our inner dispositions (性情), but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bem , by observing our own behavior .We can be strangers to ourselves .If we knew our own minds, why would we need to guess what our preferences are from our behavior? If our minds were an open book, we would know exactly how much we care about the environment or like lattes .Actually , we often need to look to our behavior to figure out who we are.
Moreover, we don't just use our behavior to learn about our particular types of character—we infer characters that weren't there before .Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us, which we fail to recognize .Maybe we recycle because our wives and neighbors would disapprove if we didn't .Maybe we buy lattes in order to impress the people around us .We should not mistakenly believe that we always behave as a result of some inner disposition.
Whatever pressures there can be or inferences one can make, people become what they do, though it may not be in compliance (符合) with their true desires .Therefore , we should all bear in mind Kurt Vonnegut's advice: “We are what we pretend to be, so we must be careful about what we pretend to be.”
【1】According to the passage, personalities and attitudes are commonly believed to___.
A. determine one's behavior
B. reflect one's taste
C. influence one's surroundings
D. result from one's habits
【2】Which of the following would Daryl Bem most probably agree with?__
A. The return of a wallet can indicate one's honesty.
B. A kind person will offer his seat to the old.
C. One recycles plastics to protect the environment.
D. One buys latte out of true love of coffee.
【3】What can be inferred from the underlined sentence in the passage?___
A. We fail to realize our inner dispositions.
B. We can be influenced by outside pressures.
C. Our behavior is the result of our true desires.
D. Our characters can shape our social relationships.
【4】What does the author mainly discuss in the passage?___
A. Personalities and attitudes.
B. Preferences and habits.
C. Behavior and personalities.
D. Attitudes and preferences.
在线课程【答案】
【1】 A
【2】 A
【3】 B
【4】 C
【解析】
这是一篇议论文。文章主要讲了人们的行为是由什么来决定的？通常认为人的行为决定于人的内在“性情”。但是许多时候，我们却需要通过人的行为来认识人的内心，因为行为并非总能代表人的真实内心。
【1】细节理解题。答案定位在第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，通常认为“人格和态度决定人们的行为”，故选A。
【2】推断判断题。答案定位在第二段but in many instances we also draw inferences about who we are, as suggested by the social psychologist Daryl Bern, by observing our own behavior.可知，与通常认为的内在性情决定外在行为不同，许多时候，我们需要通过我们的行为来认识我们的内心。这是Daryl Bern提议的。B、C、D三项都是“内在”决定“外在”的例子。A项中是“外在”显示“内在”，故选A。
【3】推断判断题。答案定位在第三段Our behavior is often shaped by little pressures around us，可知下文“回收垃圾”和“买咖啡”都是说明该论点的论据。我们回收垃圾不是因为我们保护环境的内心，而是因为存在外界可能的负面评价的压力所致，故选B。
【4】主旨大意题。本文主要讨论如何认识人们的行为（外在）与品性（内在）之间的内在联系及因果关系，故选C。
在阅读时，要抓住文章的主题和细节，分析文章结构，根据上下文内在联系，挖掘文章的深层含义．对于暗含在文章中的人物的行为动机、事件中的因果关系及作者未言明的倾向、意图、态度、观点等要进行合乎逻辑的判断、推理、分析，进一步增强理解能力，抓住材料实质性的东西。例如小题1，根据第一段It’s generally believed that people act the way they do because of their personalities and attitudes.可知，通常认为“人格和态度决定人们的行为”，故选A。